Chemical eye burns are eye injuries caused by chemical products. These types of burns account for nearly 15% of eye accidents. Most are of minor importance and, with prompt and appropriate treatment, heal within a few days. Severe chemical eye trauma is less frequent but can lead to dramatic consequences.

Chemical eye burns can occur due to many causes, the main ones being domestic or workplace accidents, such as splashes from caustic substances like hydrochloric acid, bleach, ammonia, or any other cleaning product. The severity of the injury depends on the type of chemical substance and the duration of contact with the eye. Reacting quickly is essential to minimize damage. These types of burns are emergencies that require immediate action.

Symptoms appear immediately after the splash. The first is a sharp pain that prevents the patient from keeping the eye open. The irritation causes the blood vessels in the sclera and conjunctiva to dilate, making the eye appear very red. Edema or inflammation of the tissues also typically occurs in both the eyeball and the eyelid.

Chemical burns with abrasive products cause de-epithelialization of the cornea, meaning the loss of the skin on the ocular surface, which will then appear less shiny. Tearing also occurs immediately. Finally, in severe cases, patients may experience a significant decrease in visual acuity. In milder cases of chemical eye burns, the symptoms are similar to common conjunctivitis, with slight edema, redness, discomfort, and irritation.

As mentioned, it is extremely important to act immediately. If a specific saline solution for ophthalmic use is available, it should be used to wash the eye, as these substances are composed of water and electrolytes and are very similar to the eye’s natural tears. Physiological saline can also be used. However, depending on the urgency and severity of the accident, the affected eye can be washed with plenty of water to dilute the corrosive agent. The eye must be kept open, holding the eyelids with the fingers if necessary. If the splash was significant, emergency services should be notified while continuing to irrigate the eye. It is of vital importance to see an ophthalmologist even if the chemical injury is considered minor. Abrasion of the tissues in such a delicate area can cause irreversible damage.

If you have experienced an accident of this type, request a visit at the Clínica García de Oteyza, or contact us at 93 418 67 89 or info@garciadeoteyza.es. You can also book an appointment directly through our website contact section.